Background & Aim: Avicennia marina plant has antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties. The flavonoids of the Avicennia marina plant prevent the formation of oxygen free radicals; therefore, it can inhibit the oxidative stress caused by various diseases, including diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hydroalcoholic extract and flavonoid of mangrove (Avicennia marina) leaves on Bax, Bcl2, Caspase-9 and p53 in ovarian tissue of type 1 diabetic rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 42 rats were randomly  divided into 6 groups: control, non-treated diabetic and 2 leaf total flavonoid -treated diabetic groups (50, 100 mg/ml, and 2 hydroalcoholic extract treated diabetic groups (50, 100 mg/ml). At the end of the treatment period, Bax, Bcl2, Caspase-9 and p53 in ovarian tissue was measured by ELISA method.
Results: According to the results, Bax, Caspase-9 and p53 in the ovarian tissue of diabetic rats treated with concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/Kg of total flavonoid of Avicennia marina compared to the diabetic control group significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner also Bcl2 increased significantly. The amount of Bax, Caspase-9 and p53 in the ovarian tissue of the group treated with a concentration of 100 mg/Kg hydro alcoholic extract significantly decreased and the amount of Bcl-2 increased significantly compared to the diabetic control group. In the comparison between total flavonoid and hydro alcoholic extract at a concentration of 50, no significant difference was observed, but at a concentration of 100, total flavonoid compared to the hydroalcoholic extract caused significant changes in the investigated parameters.
Conclusion: Total leaf flavonoid of Avicennia marina is more effective in reducing apoptosis and p53 protein in ovarian tissue of type 1 diabetic rats compared to Avicennia marina hydro alcoholic extract.