Volume 12, Issue 4 (2-2025)
jmsthums 2025, 12(4): 52-66 |
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H Y, H K, M D G, A K A. Risk assessment of Diazinon, Malathion and Faikam pesticides in the drinking water of Nikshahr and Iranshahr cities. jmsthums 2025; 12 (4) :52-66
URL: http://jms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-1340-en.html
URL: http://jms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-1340-en.html
1- Department of Environmental Management, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
2- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
3- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
2- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
3- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
Abstract: (295 Views)
Background & Aim: The advancement of agriculture and the widespread utilization of pesticides have resulted in their prolonged presence in the environment and the pollution of water sources. In light of the importance of safeguarding drinking water sources, this study was conducted to evaluate the potential risk of diazinon, malathion, and Faikam pesticides in the drinking water in Iranshahr and Nikshahr, two cities situated in the southern region of Sistan and Baluchestan province.
Methods: In this study, 24 water samples were collected from water sources in the cities of Iranshahr and Nikshahr across four seasons. The samples were extracted using the liquid-liquid extraction method with dichloromethane as the solvent. The concentration of the samples was measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system (model KNAUER) equipped with a UV detector. Then, data were compared to the standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO), and a health risk assessment was conducted using the method recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Results: The study revealed that diazinon and malathion pesticides were present in the drinking water of the studied areas under investigation, while Faikam was not detected. The highest average concentrations of diazinon and malathion in these two cities were found in Nikshahr, at 0.0358 ± 0.32 and 0.025 ± 0.0184 μg/L, respectively. These levels were significantly lower than the World Health Organization’s standard.
Conclusion: The hazard quotient (HQ) for diazinon is higher for children than for adults, with values of 0.076 and 0.039 obtained in Nikshahr and Iranshahr, respectively. This suggests that the drinking water in these two cities is currently at a safe level. However, in order to maintain this safety, it is important to take preventive measures and management of water resources effectively. Implementation of a water safety plan is also necessary.
Methods: In this study, 24 water samples were collected from water sources in the cities of Iranshahr and Nikshahr across four seasons. The samples were extracted using the liquid-liquid extraction method with dichloromethane as the solvent. The concentration of the samples was measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system (model KNAUER) equipped with a UV detector. Then, data were compared to the standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO), and a health risk assessment was conducted using the method recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Results: The study revealed that diazinon and malathion pesticides were present in the drinking water of the studied areas under investigation, while Faikam was not detected. The highest average concentrations of diazinon and malathion in these two cities were found in Nikshahr, at 0.0358 ± 0.32 and 0.025 ± 0.0184 μg/L, respectively. These levels were significantly lower than the World Health Organization’s standard.
Conclusion: The hazard quotient (HQ) for diazinon is higher for children than for adults, with values of 0.076 and 0.039 obtained in Nikshahr and Iranshahr, respectively. This suggests that the drinking water in these two cities is currently at a safe level. However, in order to maintain this safety, it is important to take preventive measures and management of water resources effectively. Implementation of a water safety plan is also necessary.
Keywords: pesticides, health risk assessment, Iranshahr and Nikshahr, water safety plan, water resources protection management
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2024/09/12 | Accepted: 2025/01/7 | Published: 2025/03/15
Received: 2024/09/12 | Accepted: 2025/01/7 | Published: 2025/03/15
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