Volume 13, Issue 1 (6-2025)
jmsthums 2025, 13(1): 1-11 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
M K, E S, M M, F M. Effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of leaves and branches of Calotropis procera on common warts. jmsthums 2025; 13 (1) :1-11
URL: http://jms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-1382-en.html
URL: http://jms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-1382-en.html
1- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
2- Psychosocial Trauma Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
3- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
4- Clinical Research Development Unit, Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
2- Psychosocial Trauma Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
3- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
4- Clinical Research Development Unit, Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
Abstract: (688 Views)
Background & Aim: : Skin warts are benign proliferative lesions that occur at any age. Current treatments for plantar warts have a high cost and low efficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves and branches of Calotropis procera on common warts.
Methods: This study included patients who referred to a dermatologist for treatment of warts in the foot region and had at least 3 warts. The first wart was treated with aqueous extract, the second with ethanolic extract and the third with conventional salicylic acid treatment (reference treatment) for one month with a daily dose of one drop of all three therapeutic solutions separately on the specified warts. To compare the differences between the studied groups, analysis of variance with repeated measures was used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and the error level was considered to be 5%.
Results: This experimental study was performed on 41 patients (19 males and 22 females). The results of the test showed that the variables of the type of treatment method were significant at the level of 5% error (F=12.416, P<0.05). The lowest level of wart diameter was observed for the ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera. Also, none of the interaction effects of the type of treatment method were significant with the variables of age (F=0.634, P>0.05) and gender (F=0.431, P>0.05).
Conclusion: Alcoholic extract of Calotropis procera can be a therapeutic method for foot warts with minimal side effects.
Methods: This study included patients who referred to a dermatologist for treatment of warts in the foot region and had at least 3 warts. The first wart was treated with aqueous extract, the second with ethanolic extract and the third with conventional salicylic acid treatment (reference treatment) for one month with a daily dose of one drop of all three therapeutic solutions separately on the specified warts. To compare the differences between the studied groups, analysis of variance with repeated measures was used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and the error level was considered to be 5%.
Results: This experimental study was performed on 41 patients (19 males and 22 females). The results of the test showed that the variables of the type of treatment method were significant at the level of 5% error (F=12.416, P<0.05). The lowest level of wart diameter was observed for the ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera. Also, none of the interaction effects of the type of treatment method were significant with the variables of age (F=0.634, P>0.05) and gender (F=0.431, P>0.05).
Conclusion: Alcoholic extract of Calotropis procera can be a therapeutic method for foot warts with minimal side effects.
Type of Study: Applicable |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2024/12/22 | Accepted: 2025/04/19 | Published: 2025/06/30
Received: 2024/12/22 | Accepted: 2025/04/19 | Published: 2025/06/30
References
1. Loo SK-f, Tang WY-m. Warts (non-genital). BMJ Clinical Evidence. 2014;2014.
2. Ockenfels HM. Therapeutic management of cutaneous and genital warts. JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft. 2016;14(9):892-9. [DOI:10.1111/ddg.12838]
3. Al-Eitan LN, Alghamdi MA, Tarkhan AH, Al-Qarqaz FA. Genome-wide identification of methylated CpG sites in nongenital cutaneous warts. BMC Medical Genomics. 2020;13:1-15. [DOI:10.1186/s12920-020-00745-6]
4. Hashmi F, Bristow I. Treating plantar warts: utilising natural immunity to induce wart regression. Dermatological Nursing. 2014;13(1):42-5.
5. Witchey DJ, Witchey NB, Roth-Kauffman MM, Kauffman MK. Plantar warts: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical management. Journal of Osteopathic Medicine. 2018;118(2):92-105. [DOI:10.7556/jaoa.2018.024]
6. Vlahovic TC, Khan MT. The human papillomavirus and its role in plantar warts: a comprehensive review of diagnosis and management. Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery. 2016;33(3):337-53. [DOI:10.1016/j.cpm.2016.02.003]
7. Barkat MT, Abdel‐Aziz RT, Mohamed MS. Evaluation of intralesional injection of bleomycin in the treatment of plantar warts: clinical and dermoscopic evaluation. International Journal of Dermatology. 2018;57(12):1533-7. [DOI:10.1111/ijd.14092]
8. Vakharia PP, Chopra R, Silverberg NB, Silverberg JI. Efficacy and safety of topical cantharidin treatment for molluscum contagiosum and warts: a systematic review. American journal of clinical dermatology. 2018;19:791-803. [DOI:10.1007/s40257-018-0375-4]
9. Longhurst B, Bristow I. The treatment of verrucae pedis using Falknor's needling method: a review of 46 cases. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2013;2(2):13-21. [DOI:10.3390/jcm2020013]
10. Nsagha DS, Ayima CW, Nana-Njamen T, Assob JCN. The role of traditional, complementary/alternative medicine in primary healthcare, adjunct to universal health coverage in Cameroon: a review of the literature. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2020;8(1):37-47.
11. Hussaan M, Iqbal N, Adeel S, Azeem M, Tariq Javed M, Raza A. Microwave-assisted enhancement of milkweed (Calotropis procera L.) leaves as an eco-friendly source of natural colorants for textile. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2024:50(17);89-94 20.
12. Al-Rowaily SL, Abd-ElGawad AM, Assaeed AM, Elgamal AM, Gendy AE-NGE, Mohamed TA, et al. Essential oil of Calotropis procera: Comparative chemical profiles, antimicrobial activity, and allelopathic potential on weeds. Molecules. 2020;25(21):5203. [DOI:10.3390/molecules25215203]
13. Nawaz S, Wajid A, Nawaz A. Calotropis procera: a review of molecular mechanisms, bioavailability, and potential anticancer property. Biomed Eng Commun. 2024;3(4):21. [DOI:10.53388/BMEC2024021]
14. Kurek M, Benaida-Debbache N, Elez Garofulić I, Galić K, Avallone S, Voilley A, et al. Antioxidants and bioactive compounds in food: Critical review of issues and prospects. Antioxidants. 2022;11(4):742. [DOI:10.3390/antiox11040742]
15. Sethi G, Rath P, Chauhan A, Ranjan A, Choudhary R, Ramniwas S, et al. Apoptotic mechanisms of quercetin in liver cancer: recent trends and advancements. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(2):712. [DOI:10.3390/pharmaceutics15020712]
16. Dall'Oglio F, D'Amico V, Nasca MR, Micali G. Treatment of cutaneous warts: an evidence-based review. American journal of clinical dermatology. 2012;13:73-96. [DOI:10.2165/11594610-000000000-00000]
17. Song J, He Y, Luo C, Feng B, Ran F, Xu H, et al. New progress in the pharmacology of protocatechuic acid: A compound ingested in daily foods and herbs frequently and heavily. Pharmacological research. 2020;161:105109. [DOI:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105109]
18. Quazi S, Mathur K, Arora S, Wing P. Calotropis procera: An overview of its phytochemistry and pharmacology. Indian Journal of Drugs. 2013;1(2):63-9.
19. Peraza-Labrador A, Buitrago DM, Coy-Barrera E, Perdomo-Lara SJ. Antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of a phenolic-rich extract from Lycium barbarum fruits on human papillomavirus (HPV) 16-positive head cancer cell lines. Molecules. 2022;27(11):3568. [DOI:10.3390/molecules27113568]
20. Madlool SW, Shallal MJM, Naif AA. Molecular Detection of Cutaneous Warts Among Male and Female Patients in Thi-Qar Province. Thi-Qar Medical Journal. 2020.(1)23-25.
21. Cogliandro A, Russo T, Di Maida F, Pizzocaro A, Veraldi S, Naldi L. Prevalence and distribution of cutaneous warts in the Italian population: A cross-sectional study. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2018;32(8) 13-21.
22. Telfer N.R (1992.) Plantar warts: a clinical and microbiological study. The British Journal of Dermatology. 127(5), 479-484.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb